Footnotes

i Solar thermal heating investment numbers are calculated based on the collector areas/systems installed in the respective year and on the average costs of the system.

ii Because most energy efficiency investments in buildings are components of larger projects, they are difficult to extract from the overall project cost. Energy efficiency investments lead to a decrease in energy use compared to a baseline and are thereby incremental in nature. A lack of clear definitions, standards and benchmarks for assessing the energy efficiency performance in buildings makes tracking energy efficiency investments challenging. See endnote 72 for this module.

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2. Figure 11 from International Energy Agency, World Energy Statistics Database, 2023, www.iea.org/statistics, all rights reserved, as modified by the Renewable Energy Policy Network for the 21st Century (REN21). 2
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