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RENEWABLE ENERGY AND ENERGY EFFICIENCY STATUS REPORT 2014 | 75 energymin.gov.gh/?p=1117; “Northern Region Praises Solar Lantern Distribution Programme,” Ghanaian Chronicle, 16 July 2013, http:// www.modernghana.com/news/475532/1/northern-region-praises- solar-lantern-distribution.html. ABREC, “Projects,” http://www.saber-abrec.org/projects/country/11. Raul, op. cit. note 93. UNDP, op. cit. note 49; ECREEE, Annex 1: Country Factsheets, “Sierra Leone Renewable Energy Country Profile” (Praia, Cabo Verde: January 2014). World Bank, “Projects & Operations: Lighting Lives in Liberia,” http:// www.worldbank.org/projects/P124014/lighting-lives-liberia?lang=en. Ministry of Energy and Petroleum of Ghana, op. cit. note 106; “Northern Region Praises Solar Lantern Distribution Programme,” op. cit. note 106. ECREEE, personal communication with REN21, June 2014. Republic of Mali Ministry of Energy and Water Resources, Renewable Energy Mali: Achievements, Challenges and Opportunities, Scaling Up Renewable Energy Program in Low Income Countries (Bamako: 2012), https://www.climateinvestmentfunds.org/cifnet/sites/default/files/ RE%20Mali%20exec%20summary%20final.pdf. IRENA, op. cit. note 14, p. 21. IRENA, op. cit. note 14; SE4ALL, The Gambia: Sustainable Energy For All Rapid Assessment and Gap Analysis (Vienna: 2012); M.L. Sompo Ceesay, “The Case for Renewable Energy,” http://www.naruc.org/ international/Documents/SOMPOCEESAY-%20PURA-%20Case%20 for%20Renewable%20Gambiav2.pdf. IRENA, op. cit. note 14, p. 17. ECREEE, Baseline Report on Existing and Potential Small-Scale Hydropower Systems in the ECOWAS Region (Praia, Cabo Verde: 2012), p. 20 Ibid. Ibid. ECREEE, IIM, UNIDO. “Regional potential assessment of novel biomass energy crops in fifteen ECOWAS countries.” December 2012. http:// www.ecreee.org/sites/default/files/documents/basic_page/ecreee- unido_bioenergy_crops_assessment_third_report.pdf Trynos Gumbo, “Towards a Green Energy Revolution in Africa: Reflections on Waste-to-Energy Projects,” Africa Institute of South Africa POLICYbrief, No. 101 (Pretoria: December 2013), pp. 1–4, http://www.ai.org.za/ wp-content/uploads/downloads/2013/12/Towards-a-Green-Energy- Revolution-in-Africa-Reflections-on-Waste-to-energy-projects1.pdf. CDM Executive Board, op. cit. note 29. AEEP, op. cit. note 18. ECREEE, personal communication with REN21, June 2014. ECREEE, personal communication with REN21, June 2014. Republic of Ghana, Sustainable Energy for All Action Plan (Accra: June 2012), http://energycom.gov.gh/files/SE4ALL-GHANA%20ACTION%20 PLAN.pdf; Yabo, op. cit. note 93; Raul, op. cit. note 93. Republic of Côte d’Ivoire, op. cit. note 18. UNDP, op. cit. note 49. ECREEE, personal communication with REN21, June 2014. IRENA, “Southern African Power Pool: Planning and Prospects for Renewable Energy,” http://www.irena.org/menu/index. aspx?mnu=Subcat&PriMenuID=36&CatID=141&SubcatID=332, viewed 28 July 2014. West African Power Pool (WAPP), “Energy Exchanges Per Country,” http://www.ecowapp.org/?page_id=140, viewed 28 July 2014. P. Niyimbona, “The Challenges of Operationalizing Power Pools in Africa,” presentation to UNDESA Seminar on Electricity Interconnection, Cairo, Egypt 19-21 June 2005, http://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/ content/documents/3214interconnection_powerpools.pdf, viewed 28 July 2014. UN-Energy/Africa, Energy for Sustainable Development: Policy Options for Africa, UN-ENERGY/Afirca publication to CSD15, http://www.iaea. org/OurWork/ST/NE/Pess/assets/un-energy_africa_pub.pdf, viewed 28 July 2014. Sidebar 1 from the following sources: Azimut360, “Hybrid Standalone Electric System at the Fandema Center (The Gambia) (2012),” http:// www.malifolkecenter.org/, viewed 16, May 2014. IRENA, op. cit. note 14. NARUC, op. cit. note 1. Mali-Folkecenter, “The solar and wind energy department: Solar-wind hybrid water pumping,” http://www.malifolkecenter.org/, viewed 16 May 2014. Republic of Mali Ministry of Energy and Water Resources, op. cit. note 113. IRENA, op. cit. note 14, p. 22. Sidebar 2 from the following sources: Azimut360, “Hybrid Standalone Electric System at the Fandema Center (The Gambia) (2012),” http:// www.azimut360.coop/obres/fandema/fandema_en.html; Michel Vandenbergh, “PV minigrid for the village Darsilami in the Gambia” (Kassel, Germany: Institut fur Solare Energieversorgungstechnik (ISET)),http:// www.ruralelec.org/fileadmin/DATA/Documents/06_Publications/ Newsletters/Newsletter_5/ISET._darsilami_PVplatform.pdf; National Association of Regulatory Utility Commissioners (NARUC), “GEF/UNIDO Project GFGAM-11001 GEF 4 - Funding Circle,” http://www.naruc.org/ international/Documents/GEF%20UNIDO%20PROJECT%20-Financing%20 Mechanism.pdf; Daniel Schnitzer et al., “Microgrids for Rural Electrification: A critical review of best practices based on seven case studies” (Washington, DC: United Nations Foundation, Carnegie Mellon University, and University of California, Berkeley under the Sustainable Energy for All (SE4ALL) Energy Access Practitioner Network, February 2014). Table 7 from ECREEE, Annex 1: Mapping of Mini-Grids Initiatives and Projects in the ECOWAS Region (Praia, Cabo Verde: July 2014). 03 | ENERGY EFFICIENCY UNIDO, Module 18: Energy efficiency in buildings (Vienna: 2012), http://www.unido.org/fileadmin/media/documents/pdf/EEU_Training_ Package/Module18.pdf ECREEE, The ECOWAS Energy Efficiency Policy (EEEP) (Praia, Cabo Verde: July 2013), http://www.ecreee.org/sites/default/files/ documents/basic_page/081012-ecowas-ee-policy-final-en.pdf. Table 8 from ECREEE, The ECOWAS Energy Efficiency Policy (EEEP) (Praia, Cabo Verde: July 2013), http://www.ecreee.org/sites/default/ files/documents/basic_page/081012-ecowas-ee-policy-final-en.pdf. and country sources Figure 14 from Africa-EU Energy Partnership (AEEP), Status Report: Africa-EU Energy Partnership (U.K.: European Union Energy Initiative, January 2014), https://www.wko.at/Content.Node/service/ aussenwirtschaft/et/AEEP_DRAFT_STATUS_REPORT_January_2014. pdf . The year 2010 represents the latest available data; GDP figures are 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 1 2 3 4 ENDNOTES